Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)

NF-κB is a protein complex that functions as a key regulator of the immune response, inflammation, and cell survival. It acts like a molecular switch inside cells, turning on genes that help fight infections, heal injuries, or sometimes contribute to diseases if misregulated. When the body detects stress, infection, or damage, NF-κB moves into the cell's nucleus—the control center—and activates specific genes to respond appropriately. Proper regulation of NF-κB is crucial for maintaining health, preventing excessive inflammation, and avoiding chronic diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders.