Noss's Three Cs (Coarse-filter and Fine-filter Approach)

Noss's Three Cs (Coarse-filter and Fine-filter Approach) are a conservation strategy to protect biodiversity. The coarse filter focuses on preserving entire ecosystems and habitats, which allows many species to thrive naturally. The fine filter targets specific species that may be threatened or cannot be supported solely through habitat protection. Conservation efforts start broadly by safeguarding habitats (coarse filter) and then address particular species' needs (fine filter). This approach ensures a comprehensive strategy—maintaining ecosystems overall while also providing targeted protection for vulnerable species that require special attention.