Northern European history

Northern European history encompasses the development of countries like Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Iceland, the Baltic states, and parts of Germany and Russia. It features early Viking exploration and trade, medieval kingdoms, and later on, strong naval powers and kingdoms. The region experienced important religious shifts, including Christianization, and political changes like unions and independence movements. Throughout the 20th century, it faced conflicts such as World Wars and the Cold War, influencing its modern, stable democratic societies. Today, Northern Europe is known for its high standards of living, innovation, and social welfare, shaped by a rich history of resilience, exploration, and cultural exchange.