normalization forms

Normalization forms are guidelines used to organize data in databases to reduce redundancy and improve integrity. Starting with the first form (1NF), data is structured so each piece of information is stored in its simplest, indivisible unit. The second form (2NF) ensures all data depends on the entire primary key, avoiding partial dependencies. The third form (3NF) eliminates fields that are dependent on other non-key fields, preventing data inconsistency. Higher forms build on these principles for more complex data relationships. Overall, normalization makes databases more efficient, consistent, and easier to maintain.