Normal Mapping

Normal mapping is a computer graphics technique used to add detailed surface textures to 3D models without increasing their geometric complexity. It works by applying a special image, called a normal map, that modifies how light interacts with the surface. This creates the illusion of bumps, grooves, and fine details, making objects look more realistic, while the actual shape remains unchanged. Essentially, normal mapping enhances visual complexity and depth efficiently, improving the realism of rendered objects in video games and movies without demanding more from the computer's processing power.