Nonaka & Takeuchi

Nonaka and Takeuchi introduced a model called the Knowledge Spiral, which explains how organizations create knowledge. They describe four key types of knowledge: tacit (personal, hard to articulate), explicit (formal, documented), socialization (sharing tacit knowledge through interactions), combination (merging explicit knowledge), and internalization (absorbing explicit knowledge to create new tacit understanding). These processes continually interact, allowing organizations to innovate and adapt. Essentially, their model shows how knowledge flows and transforms within a company, fostering learning and improvement over time.