non-viral delivery methods

Non-viral delivery methods are techniques used to introduce genetic material or drugs into cells without using viruses. These methods include using tiny particles called liposomes or nanoparticles, which carry the therapeutic agents and fuse with cell membranes to deliver their contents. Other approaches involve electrical pulses (electroporation) or chemical substances that temporarily make cell membranes more permeable. These techniques are generally safer than viral methods, reducing immune reactions and mutations, and are flexible for delivering a variety of medical treatments, including gene therapy and vaccines.