Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation

Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a natural process where free-living bacteria, such as Azospirillum and Clostridium, convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into forms like ammonia that plants can use for growth. Unlike symbiotic fixation, which involves bacteria living in mutual relationship with specific plants (like legumes), non-symbiotic bacteria operate independently in the soil or water. This process adds essential nitrogen to the environment, promoting healthy plant development without the need for fertilizers. It plays a vital role in maintaining soil fertility and supporting sustainable agriculture by naturally enriching the nutrient content of the soil.