Non-planar graphs

A non-planar graph is a type of network diagram that cannot be drawn on a flat surface without at least some of its connections crossing each other. In other words, no matter how you try to arrange the points (vertices) and lines (edges), some lines will inevitably overlap or intersect. This contrasts with planar graphs, which can be depicted without crossings. Non-planar graphs are important in fields like circuit design, where understanding intersections and overlaps helps optimize layouts to reduce complexity and interference.