Non-Perturbative QCD

Non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) refers to aspects of the theory of strong interactions that cannot be described by traditional approximation methods, called perturbation theory. In these interactions, quarks and gluons, the fundamental particles of the strong force, are bound together so tightly that their behavior becomes complex and defies simple calculations. Non-perturbative effects are crucial for understanding phenomena like confinement, where quarks are never found alone, and the formation of hadrons (like protons and neutrons). This area of study is essential for explaining the structure of matter and the forces holding atomic nuclei together.