non-parametric tests

Non-parametric tests are statistical methods used to analyze data without assuming a specific underlying distribution, such as the normal distribution. They are useful when data are skewed, values are ranked, or sample sizes are small. Essentially, these tests focus on the order or ranks of data rather than precise measurements, making them flexible for various situations. They provide a way to compare groups or analyze relationships without strict assumptions, helping researchers draw valid conclusions even when data don't meet traditional parametric test requirements.