non-invasive sampling

Non-invasive sampling involves collecting biological material from an organism without causing harm or discomfort. This method includes gathering samples like hair, saliva, urine, or feces, which contain cells or genetic material. It’s widely used in research, wildlife monitoring, and medical diagnostics because it minimizes stress and risk to the organism. For example, collecting a person's saliva or a bird's feather is non-invasive. This approach allows scientists to study genetics, health, or behavior safely and ethically, often providing valuable information without the need for invasive procedures such as surgery or biopsies.