Non-ideal solutions

Non-ideal solutions are mixtures where the interactions between different molecules differ from those in pure substances. This causes the solution's behavior—like boiling point, freezing point, or vapor pressure—to deviate from ideal predictions. In such solutions, molecules may attract or repel each other unevenly, leading to properties that are not simply additive. Understanding these differences is important in fields like chemistry and engineering when predicting how mixtures will behave under various conditions, as they often require corrections to ideal solutions to accurately describe their properties.