Nominalism in Mathematics

Nominalism in mathematics is the philosophical view that mathematical objects—such as numbers or shapes—do not have an independent, real existence. Instead, they are simply names or labels we use to describe patterns, concepts, or relationships. Under nominalism, mathematical statements are viewed as language or symbols that help us understand and communicate ideas about the world, rather than referring to actual, tangible entities. This perspective emphasizes the practical use of math without assuming that mathematical entities exist outside of our thoughts or language.