noble prize in physics 1913

In 1913, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Heike Kamerlingh Onnes for pioneering work in low-temperature physics, specifically for liquefying hydrogen and discovering that it becomes a superconductor—meaning it can conduct electricity without resistance—at very cold temperatures. His work opened new doors for understanding the behavior of materials under extreme conditions, paving the way for advances in physics and technology, including powerful electromagnets and quantum theory development.