Nobility in Poland

Polish nobility, known as the szlachta, was a privileged social class that emerged in the medieval period and played a central role in the country’s political and social life. Nobles held land, had hereditary rights, and enjoyed significant autonomy, including participation in the elected parliament (Sejm). Unlike other European aristocracies, the Polish nobility maintained a unique democratic tradition, with extensive political privileges and the freedom to elect kings. This strong aristocratic influence shaped Poland’s governance and society until the partitions in the late 18th century, which diminished noble privileges and integrated Poland into neighboring empires.