NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum)

NISQ, or Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum, refers to the current stage of quantum computers that have enough qubits (quantum bits) to tackle some complex problems but are still prone to errors caused by noise and imperfections in their hardware. Unlike future "fault-tolerant" quantum computers that will correct errors automatically, NISQ devices are limited and primarily useful for exploring new algorithms and applications that can tolerate some level of noise. They represent a transitional phase where scientists are learning how to harness quantum mechanics for practical tasks despite current technological challenges.