NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy)

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses near-infrared light to measure blood oxygen levels in tissues, particularly the brain. When light is shined onto the skin, some of it is absorbed by oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood, and the remaining light is reflected back. By analyzing these reflections, NIRS can determine how much oxygen is present in specific brain areas, providing insights into brain activity. It’s useful for monitoring brain function in real time, especially in research and clinical settings, due to its safety, portability, and ability to track dynamic changes.