Nineteenth century Russia

Nineteenth-century Russia was a vast empire characterized by strict social hierarchy, with the nobility holding power over peasants and serfs. The country experienced significant reforms, including the abolition of serfdom in 1861, which aimed to modernize its economy and society. It was a period of political unrest, intellectual activity, and cultural growth, with movements questioning autocratic rule. Russia expanded its territory and began to industrialize, but remained largely agrarian and underdeveloped compared to Western Europe. The era set the stage for later upheavals, including the revolutions that ultimately transformed the nation in the early 20th century.