Neyman-Rubin Potential Outcomes

The Neyman-Rubin Potential Outcomes framework is a way to understand how treatments or interventions affect individuals by imagining two scenarios for each person: one where they receive the treatment and one where they don't. The goal is to compare these two potential outcomes to determine the treatment's effect. Since we can only observe one scenario for each person in real life, the framework uses statistical methods to estimate the average effect across groups, helping researchers identify whether a treatment truly has a positive impact.