Neyman-Rubin Causal Model

The Neyman-Rubin Causal Model is a framework used to understand the effect of a treatment or intervention. It considers that each individual has two potential outcomes: one if they receive the treatment and one if they don't. The main goal is to estimate the true effect by comparing these two outcomes, though we can only observe one for each person. This model helps researchers design studies and analyze data to make fair, unbiased inferences about how treatments impact outcomes across groups.