New England Confederation

The New England Confederation, formed in 1643, was an early alliance of four English colonies—Massachusetts, Plymouth, New Haven, and Connecticut. Its purpose was to unite these colonies for mutual defense against external threats, such as Native American tribes and Dutch or French forces, and to coordinate certain laws and regulations. It was a pioneering effort at regional self-governance and cooperation, laying the groundwork for later colonial unity and eventually American independence. The confederation operated with a council representing each colony and was significant in demonstrating collaborative governance in early American history.