Neutrino oscillations

Neutrino oscillations are a quantum phenomenon where neutrinos, tiny particles emitted by the sun, galaxies, and nuclear reactions, change their type—or "flavor"—as they travel through space. There are three types: electron, muon, and tau neutrinos. Due to their quantum nature, each type is a mixture of states with different masses. As neutrinos move, these mass states shift slightly out of sync, causing the neutrino to switch between flavors over long distances. This behavior confirms that neutrinos have a small mass and provides insights into fundamental physics beyond the Standard Model.