Neutrino detection techniques

Neutrino detection involves capturing rare interactions between neutrinos and atoms in specialized detectors. These detectors often use large tanks of ultra-pure water or ice, where neutrinos occasionally collide with atoms, producing tiny flashes of light called Cherenkov radiation. Sensitive instruments, like photomultiplier tubes, detect these flashes, indicating a neutrino has passed through. Other methods use huge volumes of liquid scintillator that emit light when struck by a neutrino. Because neutrinos rarely interact, these massive and carefully shielded detectors are essential for observing them and studying their properties.