neutrino beams

Neutrino beams are streams of neutrinos, tiny subatomic particles that rarely interact with matter. Scientists generate these beams by accelerating particles like protons and smashing them into targets, creating a cascade of secondary particles, including neutrinos. These neutrinos then travel through the beam line out to detectors to study their properties. Because neutrinos interact so weakly, they can pass through vast amounts of material without being stopped, making them both challenging to detect and valuable for understanding fundamental physics, such as neutrino oscillations and the nature of matter itself.