Neurophysiology of Vision

The neurophysiology of vision involves how our eyes and brain work together to see. Light enters the eye through the cornea and lens, focusing onto the retina at the back of the eye. The retina contains specialized cells called photoreceptors (rods and cones) that convert light into electrical signals. These signals are processed by neurons in the retina and transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain's visual cortex. The brain interprets these signals to create the images we perceive, allowing us to recognize shapes, colors, depth, and movement. This complex process enables us to make sense of our visual environment.