Neumann

Neumann, in mathematics, typically refers to John von Neumann, a pioneering mathematician, or the Neumann boundary condition. The Neumann boundary condition specifies that the derivative (rate of change) of a function along the boundary of a domain is fixed, often set to zero, meaning there is no flux or flow across that boundary. This is commonly used in solving partial differential equations to model systems where boundaries are insulated or reflective, such as heat insulating walls or elastic membranes. It helps determine how a system behaves when the boundary is controlled in terms of flux rather than values.