network science

Network science is the study of how things are connected and interact with each other. It uses mathematical tools to analyze complex systems like social networks, the internet, biological systems, or transportation routes. By understanding the patterns and structures of these connections—such as nodes (people, computers, proteins) and edges (relationships, data links, interactions)—scientists can uncover insights about how information spreads, how systems stabilize or fail, and how to optimize or protect networks. It provides a framework to understand and improve the interconnected systems that shape our world.