navigational hazards

Navigational hazards are obstacles or conditions that pose risks to safe travel on water or in the air. These include natural features like rocks, reefs, and shallow areas, as well as man-made objects such as wrecks, buoys, or submerged structures. Weather conditions like fog, storms, or strong winds can also create hazards by reducing visibility or causing instability. Recognizing and avoiding these hazards is essential for navigation safety, requiring careful observation, proper charts, and communication to prevent accidents or damage to vessels and aircraft.