navigational freedoms

Navigational freedoms are the rights guaranteed to ships and aircraft to travel freely through international waters and airspace without interference from other countries. These freedoms include the ability to navigate across the open oceans, approach and pass through foreign ports, and conduct activities like research or commerce, within international law. They are essential for global trade, communication, and cooperation, ensuring that countries can access the world’s waterways and air routes safely and predictably while respecting the sovereignty of coastal nations.