natural climate variability

Natural climate variability refers to the natural fluctuations in the Earth's climate over time, caused by factors such as volcanic eruptions, solar radiation changes, ocean currents, and atmospheric conditions. These variations can lead to periods of warmer or cooler temperatures, droughts, or wetter conditions, independent of human influence. They are part of the climate system's inherent complexity and can occur over different timescales—from months to decades or even centuries—making it difficult to attribute all climate changes solely to natural causes or human activity.