NATM

NATM, or New Austrian Tunneling Method, is a technique used to build tunnels underground. It involves excavating small sections at a time and then supporting each section immediately, often with shotcrete, bolts, and mesh. This approach relies on the natural strength of the surrounding rock to stabilize the tunnel once it's partially excavated. Unlike traditional methods that require extensive lining or supports during construction, NATM adapts to different rock conditions, making tunneling safer and more flexible. It's commonly used in complex terrains and environmentally sensitive areas, allowing for efficient tunnel creation with minimal disturbance.