nanoscale topology

Nanoscale topology refers to the detailed arrangement and surface features of materials measured at the nanometer scale, which is one-billionth of a meter. At this tiny level, the shape, texture, and structure of a surface can greatly influence how materials behave—such as their strength, how they interact with light, or how they bind with other substances. Understanding nanoscale topology helps scientists design advanced materials and devices with specific properties, by controlling their surface features at the atomic and molecular levels for desired performance.