Nanoscale Physics

Nanoscale physics studies how matter behaves at extremely small sizes, typically less than 100 nanometers (a nanometer is a billionth of a meter). At this scale, materials often exhibit unique properties, such as increased strength, altered electrical conductivity, or new optical behaviors, due to quantum effects and high surface-area-to-volume ratios. Understanding these phenomena enables the development of advanced technologies like faster electronics, better medical imaging, and innovative materials. Essentially, nanoscale physics explores how the fundamental principles of physics operate when matter is manipulated at an incredibly tiny scale.