Nagel-Schreckenberg model

The Nagel-Schreckenberg model is a simulation used to understand traffic flow. It treats each car as an individual that follows simple rules: it accelerates if possible, slows down to avoid collisions, and occasionally randomly slows down to reflect real-world unpredictability. Cars also update their positions simultaneously based on these rules. This model helps analyze how traffic jams form and how congestion spreads, providing insights into improving traffic management and roadway design through a simple yet effective framework.