Nabataean

The Nabataean were an ancient Arab people known for establishing a wealthy trade empire around the 4th century BCE, centered in present-day Jordan. They expertly carved cities and tombs into rocky cliffs, with their most famous site being Petra. Skilled in engineering, they built advanced water management systems and trade routes connecting Arabia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean. Their culture blended Arab traditions with Hellenistic influences, and they played a key role in regional commerce before eventually being absorbed into the Roman Empire. Today, their remains, especially Petra, are recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.