N2 fixation

Nitrogen fixation is the natural process where certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N₂), which most organisms cannot use, into ammonia (NH₃). This form of nitrogen is essential for living organisms because it can be incorporated into proteins and DNA. These bacteria often live in the soil or inside plant roots, especially in legumes. By transforming nitrogen into a usable form, nitrogen fixation plays a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility and supporting plant growth, thus sustaining ecosystems and agricultural productivity.