mutexes

A mutex (short for "mutual exclusion") is a tool used in computing to prevent multiple processes or threads from accessing the same resource simultaneously, which could cause errors or data corruption. Think of it like a secure lock on a door: only one person can enter or modify the data at a time, ensuring safe and orderly access. When a process wants to use a resource, it "locks" the mutex; when finished, it "unlocks" it, allowing others to access the resource safely. This coordination helps maintain consistency and stability in multi-threaded environments.