Mutex

A mutex (short for "mutual exclusion") is a tool used to control access to a shared resource in a computer system, ensuring that only one process or thread can use it at a time. Think of it like a lock on a door—when a process wants to access the resource, it must lock it first, preventing others from using it simultaneously. Once done, it unlocks, allowing others to access. This helps prevent conflicts, data corruption, and ensures orderly, safe operation when multiple processes need the same resource.