Mutazila

Mutazila is a rationalist Islamic philosophical school that developed in the 8th century, emphasizing reason, justice, and free will. They believe that human beings have the ability to determine right and wrong through logic and that God's justice requires humans to be accountable for their actions. Mutazila also holds that the Qur'an is created, not eternal, to align with reason. Their ideas influenced Islamic theology by advocating critical thinking and emphasizing moral responsibility, shaping debates about God's nature, human free will, and the role of reason in understanding faith.