mutation rates

Mutation rates refer to how often changes or errors occur in the genetic code of an organism's DNA. These changes, called mutations, can happen randomly during DNA replication or due to environmental factors like radiation. The mutation rate is typically very low, meaning mutations are rare events. Despite their rarity, over many generations, these small changes can accumulate, leading to genetic diversity or new traits. Understanding mutation rates helps scientists learn about evolution, disease development, and how populations adapt to their environments.