multiplet structure

Multiplet structure refers to the splitting of spectral lines into multiple closely spaced components, observed in magnetic field experiments or atomic spectra. This occurs because electrons in an atom have magnetic moments that interact with external or internal magnetic fields, causing energy levels to split into several sub-levels. When electrons transition between these levels, they emit or absorb light at slightly different energies, producing multiple lines instead of one. The pattern and number of these lines help scientists understand the magnetic environment and electronic configuration of the atom or molecule.