Multilevel selection theory

Multilevel selection theory explains how natural selection operates not only on individual organisms but also on groups, such as families or colonies. Traits that benefit a group’s success can evolve if groups with those traits outperform other groups, even if the traits might not benefit individuals alone. It highlights that evolution can shape behaviors and characteristics at different levels, influencing both individuals and the groups they belong to. This perspective helps us understand complex social behaviors and cooperation, emphasizing that natural selection can act across multiple organizational layers simultaneously.