Multi-wavelength Anomalous Dispersion

Multi-wavelength Anomalous Dispersion (MAD) is a technique used in X-ray crystallography to determine the 3D structure of molecules, particularly proteins. It involves collecting X-ray diffraction data at different wavelengths near the absorption edge of a specific element within the sample. These variations in how the element absorbs X-rays provide distinct signals, helping scientists pinpoint the position of that element in the structure. This method enhances the ability to accurately solve complex molecular structures by revealing phase information necessary for detailed imaging, all without needing crystals of a specific form.