mucosal vaccine development

Mucosal vaccine development focuses on creating vaccines that stimulate immunity at the mucous membranes, such as those in the nose, throat, or gut, where many infections enter the body. Unlike traditional vaccines injected into muscle, mucosal vaccines are administered through routes like nasal sprays or oral doses. They train the immune system to quickly recognize and fight pathogens at these entry points, providing both local and systemic protection. This approach can enhance vaccine effectiveness, promote easier administration, and improve coverage, especially for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.