MPTP

MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is a chemical compound that can cause severe Parkinson-like symptoms by damaging specific brain cells. It was originally discovered when drug users accidentally ingested it, leading to rapid onset of movement problems similar to Parkinson’s disease. MPTP crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted into a toxic substance called MPP+, which selectively kills dopamine-producing neurons in the brain’s substantia nigra. This loss of dopamine leads to motor symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and slow movement. MPTP is widely used in research to study Parkinson's disease and potential treatments.