Motherhood Penalty

The motherhood penalty refers to the disadvantaging effects that working mothers often face in the workplace. This can include lower pay, fewer opportunities for advancement, and negative perceptions about their commitment or competence compared to women without children or men. These biases may stem from stereotypes that assume mothers are less dedicated or available. As a result, despite their skills and experience, working mothers may experience barriers that limit their economic earning potential and career growth, contributing to gender and family-work balance inequalities.