Moran

Moran’s I is a statistical measure used to identify whether data points, such as locations or regions, with similar values are clustered together or spread apart. It helps determine if high or low values tend to be near each other or are randomly distributed across an area. A positive Moran’s I indicates clustering of similar values (hot spots or cold spots), while a negative value suggests a pattern where high values are near low ones, indicating dispersion. When the value is close to zero, the data appear randomly distributed. This measure is useful in geography, epidemiology, and urban planning to understand spatial patterns.