monument (survey marker)

A monument, in surveying, is a physical reference point used to mark key locations on the Earth's surface. These markers, often made of durable materials like metal or concrete, are placed at specific points to serve as fixed references for land boundaries, property lines, or construction projects. Surveyors use these monuments to establish accurate positions, ensure consistency across surveys, and provide long-term reference points for mapping and land management. They are essential for maintaining clear, legal boundaries and supporting infrastructure development.