Monte Carlo Rendering

Monte Carlo rendering is a technique used in computer graphics to create realistic images by simulating how light interacts with surfaces. It works by randomly sampling many possible light paths—like rays bouncing off objects—and averaging these results to produce accurate lighting, shadows, and reflections. Although it involves a lot of random calculations, the process converges over time to produce highly realistic images that mimic the complexities of real-world lighting. This method is especially useful for rendering scenes with complex light interactions, such as glossy reflections, translucency, or soft shadows.